Etymology Explorer

באסה

Baasa

slangarabic-originemotions

Disappointment, frustration, a "bummer", bad situation

Ancient Arabic

باس (ba's)

Modern Arabic Dialects

باسة (ba'sa)

Modern Hebrew (1980s-present)

באסה

תירס

Tiras

foodplantsbiblical-name

Corn, maize (Zea mays)

Biblical Era

תירס

Late 19th century

חיטי תירס

20th century to present

תירס

דגדגן

Dagdegan

anatomymodern-hebrewarabic-influence

Clitoris

1533

דגדוג

Early 20th century

דגדגן

1960s-2009

דגדגן

2009-present

דגדגן

ריצ'רץ'

Richrats

clothingonomatopoeiagerman-influence

Zipper, slide fastener

18th century German

ritsch-ratsch

1933 in Israel

ריצ'רץ'

1933-1936

רוכסן

1984

רוכסן

Present

ריצ'רץ'

דייל

Dayal

aviationrevived-hebrewaramaic-origin

Flight attendant (male)

Ancient Greek

doulos

Talmudic Aramaic

דיילא

Ben-Yehuda's Dictionary

דייל

1949

דיילת

1953-present

דייל/דיילת

אפס

Efes

mathematicsarabic-influencemodern-hebrew

Zero, the numeral 0

12th century

גלגל (galgal)

17th-18th centuries

נול (nul)

1796

אפס

1834-present

אפס

גִּהֵק

Gihek

talmudic-originbodily-functionsmedical-terms

To burp, belch

Talmudic Period (3rd century)

גיהק

Medieval Period

גיהק

Modern Hebrew (18th century-present)

גיהק

סַנְטֵר

Santer

talmudic-originanatomydisputed-etymology

Chin

Talmudic Period (3rd century)

סנטר

Medieval Period

סנטר

Modern Hebrew

סנטר

שִׁהֵק

Shihek

modern-hebrewarabic-influenceben-yehuda

To hiccup

Early 20th century

שַׁהֵק

Modern Hebrew

שִׁהֵק

יֻקְרָה

Yukra

modern-hebrewacademy-coinedpronunciation-change

Prestige, high social status, esteem

1949

יֻקְרָה

1961

יֻקְרָה

Late 20th century to present

יֻקְרָה/יָקְרָה

אוֹנְנוּת

Onnut

sexualitymedical-termsreligious-influence

Masturbation

Talmudic Period

הוצאת שכבת זרע לבטלה

19th century

מעשה אונן

1928

אוננות

דַּרְדָּלֶה

Dardale

slangsportspossible-arabic-origin

Weak, ineffective, small or feeble

1960s

דרדלה

Late 20th century

דרדלה

Present

דרדלה

יַמְבָּה

Yamba

slangarabic-originquantity

A lot, many, a large amount

Arabic spoken dialects

يا ما (yama)

Some Arabic dialects

يمبا (yamba)

Early 1990s

יַמְבָּה

Present

יַמְבָּה

מִקְלֶדֶת

Mikledet

technologymusicaramaic-origingreek-origin

Computer keyboard

Ancient Greek

κλαβίς (klavis)

Aramaic (Talmudic)

אַקְלִידָא (aklida)

1952

קְלִיד (klid)

1952

מִקְלֶדֶת (mikledet)

1960s-1970s

מִקְלֶדֶת (mikledet)

1970s-present

מִקְלֶדֶת (mikledet)

סְתַלְבֵּט

Histalbet

slangmilitary-slangarabic-origingreek-influence

1. To enjoy idleness, hang out lazily 2. To mock someone, pull someone's leg

Ottoman Turkish

caba

Greek

τσάμπα (tsamba)

Greek

τσαμπατζής (tsambatzis)

19th century Egyptian Arabic

سلباط (silbāṭ)

19th-20th century Egyptian Arabic

استلبط (istaləbaṭ)

1977

מסתלבט

1980s-present

מסתלבט

כִּנּוֹר

Kinnor

musicbiblical-termancient-loanwordsemantic-shift

Violin, a four-stringed musical instrument played with a bow

Ancient Near East (3000 BCE)

kinaruhuli, kinirtalaš, zinar, zanaru, kinārum, ginarum

Biblical Hebrew

כִּנּוֹר

1807

כִּנּוֹר

19th century

כִּנּוֹר/נֶבֶל

Early 20th century to present

כִּנּוֹר

הַרְבֵּה

Harbe

quantitybiblical-termword-order-change

A lot, many, much

Biblical Hebrew

הַרְבֵּה

Rabbinic Hebrew

הַרְבֵּה

Modern Hebrew

הַרְבֵּה

הָמוֹן

Hamon

quantitybiblical-termsemantic-shift

A lot, plenty, multitude

Biblical Hebrew

הָמוֹן

Modern Hebrew

הָמוֹן

שֶׁפַע

Shefa

quantitybiblical-hapaxsemantic-shift

Abundance, plenty

Biblical Hebrew

שֶׁפַע

Modern Hebrew

שֶׁפַע

מָלֵא

Male

quantityslangarabic-influencesemantic-expansion

1. Full, filled 2. A lot, many (slang)

Biblical Hebrew

מָלֵא

Arabic influence

מַלַאן (malan)

1970s-present

מָלֵא

יָם

Yam

quantityslangsemantic-expansionpossible-arabic-influence

1. Sea, ocean 2. A lot, many (slang)

Biblical Hebrew

יָם

Late 1980s-present

יָם

יַהֲלֹם

Yahalom

gemstonesbiblical-termidentity-shift

Diamond, an extremely hard gemstone made of pure carbon in a crystalline form

Biblical Hebrew

יַהֲלֹם

12th century

יַהֲלֹם

16th century

יַהֲלֹם

19th century

יַהֲלֹם/שֹׁהַם/בדולח/שמיר

Early 20th century-present

יַהֲלֹם

דַּרְדָּלֶה

Dardale

slangsportspossible-arabic-originyiddish-influence

Weak, ineffective, small or feeble

Arabic influence

ضربة (darba)

1960s

דרדלה

Late 20th century

דרדלה

Present

דרדלה

קְלִיד

Klid

musictechnologyaramaic-origingreek-origin

Key on a musical instrument like a piano, or on a device like a computer keyboard

Ancient Greek

κλαβίς (klavis)

Aramaic (Talmudic)

אַקְלִידָא (aklida)

1952

קְלִיד (klid)

Modern Hebrew

קְלִיד (klid)

מַקֵּשׁ

Makesh

musictechnologymodern-hebrew

Key on a typewriter or computer keyboard

1866

גּוּפִים מְשַׁמְשִׁים

1904

גְּשִׁישִים

1906

מַכּוֹשִׁים

Early 20th century

מְנַעַנְעִים

1945

מַקֵּשׁ

1947-present

מַקֵּשׁ

מְנַעַנְעִים

Mena'ane'im

musicbiblical-termsemantic-shiftobsolete-term

1. Unidentified biblical musical instrument 2. (historical) Piano keys

Biblical Hebrew

מְנַעַנְעִים

1872

מְנַעַנְעִים

Early 20th century

מְנַעַנְעִים

1945-1952

מְנַעַנְעִים

Late 20th century

מְנַעַנְעִים

מָלַאנְתַּלָּפִים

Malantalafilm

slanghumorquantityarabic-influence

A vast quantity, countless, innumerable

Arabic spoken dialects

ملان (malān)

1940s

מלאן

1970s

מלאנתלפים

Present

מלאנתלפים

נֶבֶל

Nevel

musicbiblical-termsemantic-shift

Harp, a stringed musical instrument with a triangular wooden frame, in which the strings are stretched perpendicular to the resonance surface

Biblical Hebrew

נֶבֶל

1807

נֶבֶל

19th century

נֶבֶל/כִּנּוֹר

Early 20th century to present

נֶבֶל

פְּסַנְתֵּר

Psanter

musicbiblical-aramaicgreek-originrevived-term

Piano, a keyboard musical instrument in which the strings are struck by hammers operated by keys

Ancient Greek

ψαλτήριον (psaltērion)

Biblical Aramaic (Book of Daniel)

פְּסַנְתֵּרִין (pesanterin)

19th century

פְּסַנְתֵּר

Modern Hebrew

פְּסַנְתֵּר

כְּלֵיזְמֶר

Klezmer

musicjewish-culturecompound-wordyiddish-influence

1. Musician, instrumentalist 2. Traditional Jewish music style of Ashkenazi Jews

Classical Hebrew

כלי זמר

17th century Eastern Europe

כליזמר/klezmer

20th century

כליזמר/klezmer

1970s-present

כליזמר/klezmer

אֹדֶם

Odem

gemstonesbiblical-termcolor-derived

1. Ruby, red gemstone 2. One of the stones in the High Priest's breastplate

Biblical Hebrew

אֹדֶם

Greek translation (Septuagint)

σάρδιον (sardion)

Medieval period

אֹדֶם

Modern Hebrew

אֹדֶם

בָּרֶקֶת

Bareket

gemstonesbiblical-termsparkle-derived

1. Emerald, green gemstone 2. One of the stones in the High Priest's breastplate

Biblical Hebrew

בָּרֶקֶת

Greek translation (Septuagint)

σμάραγδος (smaragdos)

Latin translation (Vulgate)

smaragdus

Modern Hebrew

בָּרֶקֶת

סַפִּיר

Sapir

gemstonesbiblical-termakkadian-loanword

1. Sapphire, blue gemstone 2. One of the stones in the High Priest's breastplate

Akkadian

sapparu

Biblical Hebrew

סַפִּיר

Greek translation (Septuagint)

σάπφειρος (sapheiros)

Latin

sapphirus

Modern Hebrew

סַפִּיר

אַחְלָמָה

Achlama

gemstonesbiblical-termgreek-translation

1. Amethyst, purple gemstone 2. One of the stones in the High Priest's breastplate

Biblical Hebrew

אַחְלָמָה

Greek translation (Septuagint)

ἀμέθυστος (amethystos)

Modern Hebrew

אַחְלָמָה

לוּחַ מַקֵּשִׁים

Luach Makeshim

technologycomputingcalqueobsolete-term

(obsolete) Computer keyboard

1947

מַקָּשׁ

1970s

לוּחַ מַקֵּשִׁים

1960s-1970s

לוּחַ מַקֵּשִׁים/מִקְלֶדֶת

Modern Hebrew

לוּחַ מַקֵּשִׁים

הִקְלִיד

Hiklid

technologycomputingmodern-hebrewverb-derivation

To type, to key in text using a keyboard

1952

קְלִיד

1970s

מִקְלֶדֶת

1970s

הִקְלִיד

Modern Hebrew

הִקְלִיד

שֹׁהַם

Shoham

gemstonesbiblical-termhaskalah-periodsemantic-shift

1. Gemstone, probably onyx 2. One of the stones in the High Priest's breastplate 3. (historical) Term for diamond during the Haskalah period

Biblical Hebrew

שֹׁהַם

Greek/Latin translations

ὄνυξ/onyx

19th century (Haskalah)

שֹׁהַם

Modern Hebrew

שֹׁהַם

שָׁמִיר

Shamir

biblical-termtalmudic-termhaskalah-periodlegendary-substance

1. Mysterious creature or substance described in rabbinical literature, capable of engraving or cutting stone 2. (historical) Term for diamond during the Haskalah period

Biblical Hebrew

שָׁמִיר

Talmudic period

שָׁמִיר

Late 19th century

שָׁמִיר

Modern Hebrew

שָׁמִיר

זֵר

Zer

biblical-termsemantic-shiftliterary-influenceflowers

Wreath, garland, flower arrangement

Biblical Hebrew

זֵר

Medieval Period

זֵר

1853

זֵר פְּרָחִים

Late 19th century

זֵר פְּרָחִים

20th century-present

זֵר פְּרָחִים

גִּבְסָנִית

Givsanit

plantsflowersmodern-hebrewacademy-coined

Baby's breath, Gypsophila (plant used as filler in flower arrangements)

1751

Gypsophila

1930

גִּפְסוֹן (Gipson)

1931

גִפְּסָנִית (Gipsanit)

1939

גִבְּסוֹנִית (Gibsonit)

1946

גִּבְסָנִית (Givsanit)

1979-present

גִּבְסָנִית (Givsanit)

צִבְעוֹנִי

Tzivoni

plantsflowersmodern-hebrewliterary-origin

Tulip, flower of the genus Tulipa

Biblical Hebrew

צִבְעוֹן (Tzivon)

1902

צִבְעוֹנִים (Tzivʿonim)

Early 20th century

צִבְעוֹנִי (Tzivoni)

Modern Hebrew

צִבְעוֹנִי (Tzivoni)

חַרְצִית

Chartzit

plantsflowersbiblical-connectionacademy-coined

Chrysanthemum flower

Biblical Hebrew

חָרוּץ (Charutz)

Ancient Greek

χρυσός (chrysos)

Scientific Latin

Chrysanthemum

1913

חַרְצִית (Chartzit)

תַּרְנְגוֹל

Tarnegol

animalsbirdssumerian-originancient-loanword

Rooster, cock (male chicken)

Sumerian

דַרְלֻגַל (dar-lugal)

Akkadian

תַרְלֻגַלֻּ (tarlugallu)

Aramaic/Ancient Hebrew

תַּרְנְגוֹל (tarnegol)

Modern Hebrew

תַּרְנְגוֹל (tarnegol)

אֵד

Ed

natural-phenomenasumerian-originakkadian-loanwordsemantic-shift

1. (biblical) Groundwater spring, water surge 2. (modern) Steam, vapor

Sumerian

אַדֶאַ (a-de-a)

Akkadian

אֶדוּ (edu)

Biblical Hebrew

אֵד (ed)

Medieval Hebrew

אֵד (ed)

Modern Hebrew

אֵד (ed)

סְנָאִי

Senai

animalsmammalshaskalah-periodcompound-reduction

Squirrel, small rodent of the family Sciuridae

Late 18th century

כּוֹחַ (koach)

1841

אייכהאָרן (Eichhorn)

1862

קֶרֶן הָאַלוֹנִי (keren ha'aloni)

1880s

חולדת הסנאים (chuldat hasna'im)

Late 19th century

סְנָאִי (senai)

מִשְׁמֵשׁ

Mishmesh

fruitsfoodaramaic-connectionarabic-influence

Apricot, stone fruit of the Rosaceae family

Biblical Hebrew

כָּמַשׁ (kamash)

Syriac Aramaic

כְּמִשְׁמִשָׁא (kmishmisha)

Arabic

مِشْمِش (mishmish)

13th century

מִשְׁמֵשׁ (mishmesh)

Late 19th century-present

מִשְׁמֵשׁ (mishmesh)

אֲפַרְסֵק

Afarsek

fruitsfoodgreek-originlatin-loanwordphonetic-adaptation

Peach, stone fruit of the Rosaceae family with fuzzy skin and sweet flesh

Ancient Greek

μῆλον περσικόν (melon persikon)

Latin

persica

Mishnaic Hebrew

פרסק (persek)

Talmudic Hebrew

אפרסק (afarsek)

Modern Hebrew

אפרסק (afarsek)

שָׁזִיף

Shazif

fruitsfoodtalmudic-connectionrashi-influence

Plum, stone fruit of the Rosaceae family with thin skin and sweet flesh

Roman period

דורמסקין (dormeskin)

Talmudic period

שזפין (shezafin)

Late 18th century

שזף/שזוף (shazaf/shazuf)

19th century

שזיף/שזוף (shazif/shazuf)

Modern Hebrew

שזיף (shazif)

דּוּבְדְּבָן

Duvdevan

fruitsfoodtalmudic-connectionback-formation

Cherry, bright red stone fruit of the Rosaceae family

Talmudic period

גודגוניות/דבדבניות (gudgoniyot/davdavaniyot)

Medieval period

דובדבניות (duvdevaniyot)

Late 18th century

גודגוניות (gudgoniyot)

Mid-19th century

דבדבניות (davdavaniyot)

Late 19th century

דובדבן (duvdevan)

נִין

Nin

family-relationshipsbiblical-termmeaning-change

Great-grandchild, third generation of descendants

Biblical Hebrew

נִין

Gaonic period

נִין

Medieval period

נִין

Early 20th century

נִין

1950s-present

נִין

סְטֵפָה

Stefa

moneyslangladino-origingreek-origin

Stack of banknotes, wad of cash

Ancient Greek

στίβα (stiva)

Ladino (15th-20th century)

סְטֵפָה (stefa)

Modern Hebrew

סְטֵפָה (stefa)

סְטוּץ

Stutz

slangsexualityyiddish-influencesemantic-narrowing

One-night stand, casual sexual encounter; historically: affair, event, happening

Yiddish

שטוס (shtus)

1972

סטוץ (stutz)

1970s-1980s

סטוץ (stutz)

Late 1980s-present

סטוץ (stutz)

רוֹדָן

Rodan

political-termsmodern-hebrewcoined-term

Tyrant, dictator, cruel autocratic ruler

Biblical Hebrew

רָדָה (radah)

1931

רוֹדָן (rodan)

Modern Hebrew

רוֹדָן (rodan)

חָרָא

Chara

bodily-functionsslangtaboo-wordbiblical-term

Excrement, feces

Biblical Hebrew

חָרָא (chara)

Rabbinic period

צוֹאָה/גָּלָל/פֶּרֶשׁ/רְעִי

Haskalah (18th-19th century)

צוֹאָה/גָּלָל/פֶּרֶשׁ

Modern Hebrew

חָרָא (chara)

אַחְיָן

Achyan

family-relationshipsbiblical-name-repurposedmodern-hebrew

Nephew

Biblical Hebrew

אַחְיָן (Ahian)

1932

אַחְיָן (achyan)

1930s-1940s

אַחְיָן/נִין/נֶכְדָּן

1950s-present

אַחְיָן (achyan)

דֶמִיקוּלוֹ

Demikulo

slangladino-originlatin-origincompound-word

Lousy, worthless, terrible

Latin

dē meus cūlus

Spanish/Ladino

de mi culo

Modern Hebrew

דֶמִיקוּלוֹ (demikulo)

סְפּוֹנְגָ'ה

Sponj'a

housekeepingladino-origingreek-originsemantic-narrowing

Floor mopping, thorough floor cleaning with water

Ancient Greek

σπόγγος (spongos)

Latin

spongia

Spanish/Ladino

esponja/esponjado

Modern Hebrew

סְפּוֹנְגָ'ה (sponj'a)

פַּלַבְּרָה

Palabra

speechladino-originlatin-originsemantic-shift

Empty talk, idle chatter, nonsense

Classical Latin

parabola

Late Latin/Early Romance

parabola/palabra

Spanish/Ladino

palabra

Modern Hebrew

פַּלַבְּרָה (palabra)

פּוּסְטֵמָה

Pustema

insultsladino-origingreek-originsemantic-shift

Stupid or unpleasant woman; slur, curse

Ancient Greek

ἀπόστημα (apostema)

Latin

apostema

Spanish/Ladino

pustema

Modern Hebrew

פּוּסְטֵמָה (pustema)

צַ'פַּצ'וּלָה

Chapchula

insultsladino-originturkish-originpersian-origin

Woman lacking taste or style, vulgar in behavior or appearance

Persian

çapan

Turkish

çapçul

Ladino

çapçul

Modern Hebrew

צַ'פַּצ'וּלָה (chapchula)

טַרַפַּפּוּ

Tarapapu

family-relationshipsladino-origingreek-originlatin-origin

Great-grandfather

Ancient Greek

πάππος (pappos)

Latin

trans

Spanish/Ladino

tarapapu

Modern Hebrew

טַרַפַּפּוּ (tarapapu)

צוֹאָה

Tzo'ah

bodily-functionseuphemismbiblical-termformal-term

Excrement, feces

Biblical Hebrew

צֵאָה (tze'ah)

Rabbinic Hebrew

צוֹאָה (tzo'ah)

Modern Hebrew

צוֹאָה (tzo'ah)

גָּלָל

Galal

bodily-functionsanimalsbiblical-termformal-term

Animal dung, droppings

Biblical Hebrew

גָּלָל (galal)

Rabbinic Hebrew

גְּלָלִים (glalim)

Modern Hebrew

גְּלָלִים (glalim)

פֶּרֶשׁ

Peresh

bodily-functionsanimalsbiblical-termformal-term

Excrement, especially the stomach contents of animals

Biblical Hebrew

פֶּרֶשׁ (peresh)

Akkadian/Aramaic parallels

paršu/partā

Modern Hebrew

פֶּרֶשׁ (peresh)

רְעִי

Re'i

bodily-functionsaramaic-originliterary-termformal-term

Excrement (Aramaic term)

Aramaic

רְעִי (re'i)

Rabbinic Hebrew

רְעִי (re'i)

Haskalah period

רְעִי (re'i)

Modern Hebrew

רְעִי (re'i)

חִרְבּוּן

Chirbun

bodily-functionsslangmodern-hebrewarabic-influence

Excrement; act of defecation (slang)

Early 20th century

חִרְבּוּן (chirbun)

Modern Hebrew

חִרְבּוּן (chirbun)

קָקִי

Kaki

bodily-functionschildren's-languagegerman-origineuphemism

Poop (in children's language)

Ancient Germanic

kacken

German

Kacke

Early 20th century Hebrew

קָקִי (kaki)

Modern Hebrew

קָקִי (kaki)